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metal powder industry

  • 1 металлокерамическое производство

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > металлокерамическое производство

  • 2 порошковая металлургия

    1) Engineering: powder metallurgy
    2) Metallurgy: metal powder industry

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > порошковая металлургия

  • 3 металлокерамический

    1) General subject: ceramic metal
    2) Engineering: ceramic-metal
    3) Automobile industry: cerametallic, powder-metal type
    6) Makarov: cermet
    7) Electrochemistry: metal powder
    8) Dental implantology: porcelain fused metal

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > металлокерамический

  • 4 металлизация распылением

    3) Railway term: metallizing
    4) Automobile industry: pulverization, spray gun process, spraying
    5) Astronautics: metal spraying, sputtering
    6) Foreign Ministry: sputter deposition

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > металлизация распылением

  • 5 металлокерамический подшипник

    1) Engineering: powdered metal bearing
    2) Automobile industry: iron-base bearing (содержащий около 95% железа), sintered metal powder bearing

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > металлокерамический подшипник

  • 6 металло-керамический подшипник

    Automobile industry: sintered metal powder bearing

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > металло-керамический подшипник

  • 7 металлокерамическое производство

    Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > металлокерамическое производство

  • 8 Nobel, Alfred Bernhard

    [br]
    b. 21 October 1833 Stockholm, Sweden
    d. 10 December 1896 San Remo, Italy
    [br]
    Swedish industrialist, inventor of dynamite, founder of the Nobel Prizes.
    [br]
    Alfred's father, Immanuel Nobel, builder, industrialist and inventor, encouraged his sons to follow his example of inventiveness. Alfred's education was interrupted when the family moved to St Petersburg, but was continued privately and was followed by a period of travel. He thus acquired a good knowledge of chemistry and became an excellent linguist.
    During the Crimean War, Nobel worked for his father's firm in supplying war materials. The cancellation of agreements with the Russian Government at the end of the war bankrupted the firm, but Alfred and his brother Immanuel continued their interest in explosives, working on improved methods of making nitroglycerine. In 1863 Nobel patented his first major invention, a detonator that introduced the principle of detonation by shock, by using a small charge of nitroglycerine in a metal cap with detonating or fulminating mercury. Two years later Nobel set up the world's first nitroglycerine factory in an isolated area outside Stockholm. This led to several other plants and improved methods for making and handling the explosive. Yet Nobel remained aware of the dangers of liquid nitroglycerine, and after many experiments he was able in 1867 to take out a patent for dynamite, a safe, solid and pliable form of nitroglycerine, mixed with kieselguhr. At last, nitroglycerine, discovered by Sobrero in 1847, had been transformed into a useful explosive; Nobel began to promote a worldwide industry for its manufacture. Dynamite still had disadvantages, and Nobel continued his researches until, in 1875, he achieved blasting gelatin, a colloidal solution of nitrocellulose (gun cotton) in nitroglycerine. In many ways it proved to be the ideal explosive, more powerful than nitroglycerine alone, less sensitive to shock and resistant to moisture. It was variously called Nobel's Extra Dynamite, blasting gelatin and gelignite. It immediately went into production.
    Next, Nobel sought a smokeless powder for military purposes, and in 1887 he obtained a nearly smokeless blasting powder using nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose with 10 per cent camphor. Finally, a progressive, smokeless blasting powder was developed in 1896 at his San Remo laboratory.
    Nobel's interests went beyond explosives into other areas, such as electrochemistry, optics and biology; his patents amounted to 355 in various countries. However, it was the manufacture of explosives that made him a multimillionaire. At his death he left over £2 million, which he willed to funding awards "to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind".
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1875, On Modern Blasting Agents, Glasgow (his only book).
    Further Reading
    H.Schuck et al., 1962, Nobel, the Man and His Prizes, Amsterdam.
    E.Bergengren, 1962, Alfred Nobel, the Man and His Work, London and New York (includes a supplement on the prizes and the Nobel institution).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Nobel, Alfred Bernhard

  • 9 Abel, Sir Frederick August

    [br]
    b. 17 July 1827 Woolwich, London, England
    d. 6 September 1902 Westminster, London, England
    [br]
    English chemist, co-inventor of cordite find explosives expert.
    [br]
    His family came from Germany and he was the son of a music master. He first became interested in science at the age of 14, when visiting his mineralogist uncle in Hamburg, and studied chemistry at the Royal Polytechnic Institution in London. In 1845 he became one of the twenty-six founding students, under A.W.von Hofmann, of the Royal College of Chemistry. Such was his aptitude for the subject that within two years he became von Hermann's assistant and demonstrator. In 1851 Abel was appointed Lecturer in Chemistry, succeeding Michael Faraday, at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and it was while there that he wrote his Handbook of Chemistry, which was co-authored by his assistant, Charles Bloxam.
    Abel's four years at the Royal Military Academy served to foster his interest in explosives, but it was during his thirty-four years, beginning in 1854, as Ordnance Chemist at the Royal Arsenal and at Woolwich that he consolidated and developed his reputation as one of the international leaders in his field. In 1860 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, but it was his studies during the 1870s into the chemical changes that occur during explosions, and which were the subject of numerous papers, that formed the backbone of his work. It was he who established the means of storing gun-cotton without the danger of spontaneous explosion, but he also developed devices (the Abel Open Test and Close Test) for measuring the flashpoint of petroleum. He also became interested in metal alloys, carrying out much useful work on their composition. A further avenue of research occurred in 1881 when he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission set up to investigate safety in mines after the explosion that year in the Sealham Colliery. His resultant study on dangerous dusts did much to further understanding on the use of explosives underground and to improve the safety record of the coal-mining industry. The achievement for which he is most remembered, however, came in 1889, when, in conjunction with Sir James Dewar, he invented cordite. This stable explosive, made of wood fibre, nitric acid and glycerine, had the vital advantage of being a "smokeless powder", which meant that, unlike the traditional ammunition propellant, gunpowder ("black powder"), the firer's position was not given away when the weapon was discharged. Although much of the preliminary work had been done by the Frenchman Paul Vieille, it was Abel who perfected it, with the result that cordite quickly became the British Army's standard explosive.
    Abel married, and was widowed, twice. He had no children, but died heaped in both scientific honours and those from a grateful country.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Grand Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1901. Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath 1891 (Commander 1877). Knighted 1883. Created Baronet 1893. FRS 1860. President, Chemical Society 1875–7. President, Institute of Chemistry 1881–2. President, Institute of Electrical Engineers 1883. President, Iron and Steel Institute 1891. Chairman, Society of Arts 1883–4. Telford Medal 1878, Royal Society Royal Medal 1887, Albert Medal (Society of Arts) 1891, Bessemer Gold Medal 1897. Hon. DCL (Oxon.) 1883, Hon. DSc (Cantab.) 1888.
    Bibliography
    1854, with C.L.Bloxam, Handbook of Chemistry: Theoretical, Practical and Technical, London: John Churchill; 2nd edn 1858.
    Besides writing numerous scientific papers, he also contributed several articles to The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1875–89, 9th edn.
    Further Reading
    Dictionary of National Biography, 1912, Vol. 1, Suppl. 2, London: Smith, Elder.
    CM

    Biographical history of technology > Abel, Sir Frederick August

  • 10 Dow, Herbert Henry

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 26 February 1866 Belleville, Ontario, Canada
    d. 15 October 1930 Rochester, Minnesota, USA
    [br]
    American industrial chemist, pioneer manufacturer of magnesium alloys.
    [br]
    Of New England ancestry, his family returned there soon after his birth and later moved to Cleveland, Ohio. In 1884, Dow entered the Case School of Applied Science, graduating in science four years later. His thesis dealt partly with the brines of Ohio, and he was persuaded to present a paper on brine to the meeting of the American Association for he Advancement of Science being held in Cleveland the same year. That entailed visits to collect samples of brines from various localities, and led to the observation that their composition varied, one having a higher lithium content while another was richer in bromine. This study of brines proved to be the basis for his career in industrial chemistry. In 1888 Dow was appointed Professor of Chemistry at the Homeopathic Hospital College in Cleveland, but he continued to work on brine, obtaining a patent in the same year for extracting bromine by blowing air through slightly electrolysed brine. He set up a small company to exploit the process, but it failed; the process was taken up and successfully worked by the Midland Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan. The electrolysis required a direct-current generator which, when it was installed in 1892, was probably the first of its kind in America. Dow next set up a company to produce chlorine by the electrolysis of brine. It moved to Midland in 1896, and the Dow Central Company purchased the Midland Chemical Company in 1900. Its main concern was the manufacture of bleaching powder, but the company continued to grow, based on Dow's steady development of chemical compounds that could be derived from brines. His search for further applications of chlorine led to the making of insecticides and an interest in horticulture. Meanwhile, his experience at the Homeopathic Hospital doubtless fired an interest in pharmaceuticals. One of the substances found in brine was magnesium chloride, and by 1918 magnesium metal was being produced on a small scale by electrolysis. An intensive study of its alloys followed, leading to the large-scale production of these important light-metal alloys, under the name of Dowmetals. Two other "firsts" achieved by the company were the synthetic indigo process and the production of the element iodine in the USA. The Dow company became one of the leading chemical manufacturers in the USA, and at the same time Dow played an active part in public life, serving on many public and education boards.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Society of Chemical Industry Perkin Medal 1930.
    Bibliography
    Dow was granted 65 patents for a wide range of chemical processes.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1930, Ind. Eng. Chem. (October).
    "The Dow Chemical Company", 1925, Ind. Eng. Chem. (September)
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Dow, Herbert Henry

  • 11 опилки

    1) General subject: cuttings, rasping (обыкн. pl; как правило, металлические), sawdust, scobs, shavings, wood shredding
    2) Naval: fillings
    3) Engineering: filings (при работе напильником), grit particle, saw-dust, sawings
    4) Agriculture: dust
    5) Construction: file dust, filings (металлические), filings(metal) (wood), saw dust (wood), saw powder
    6) Railway term: chip
    7) Automobile industry: chips
    8) Forestry: coom, filing (при работе напильником), kerf waste, particle
    9) Metallurgy: grind, sawing
    10) Jargon: mace
    11) Ecology: wood scrap
    13) Plastics: saw dust
    14) Makarov: abatement
    15) Electrochemistry: filings (металла)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > опилки

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